TY JOUR TI A Mathematical Model of External Forces Acting on the Train Traction System in Both Traction and Brake Modes KW Traction force KW brake force KW approximation KW brake shoe KW rheostatic braking JO Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University AU Ripol'-Saragosi, T.L. AU Ripol'-Sragosi, L.F. AU Yaickov, I.A. PY 2025 IS 22 PB FSBEI HE "Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University"