Purpose: To analyse accidents on inland waterways in Russia with a particular focus on the Arctic zone. To identify the key risk factors. To develop measures to improve navigation safety. Methods: The data for the period 2007–2024 was subjected to statistical analysis, while a hydrographic assessment of the waterways was also conducted. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis of accident causes was performed, and a comparison was made of the effectiveness of modern and traditional navigation methods. Results: The primary categories of accidents identified were groundings (35%), collisions (25%), and ship sinking (15%). The primary causes have been identified as follows: human error (42%), operational violations (28%), infrastructure wear and tear (20%), and extreme weather conditions (10%). Practical significance: Recommendations have been formulated for the modernisation of navigation systems through the utilisation of GLONASS/GPS technologies; the establishment of a network of emergency rescue stations; the introduction of specialised crew training programmes; and the augmentation of environmental monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and sensors. The implementation of the proposed measures is expected to result in a 30-40% reduction in accidents and a significant minimisation of environmental damage in the Arctic region.